Pediculose scalp
Pediculosis scalp
pathological agent and pathology
Special case of the laboratory
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Pathogen and pathology > return to contents
Agent name: Pediculus humanus capitis
Synonym (s): Lice scalp
Agent type: Parasite
description:
Parasite measuring 2 to 4 mm and whose evolution takes place in 3 phases: Slow (7-11 days), nymph (10-15 days), adult louse (1 month). Hair exclusively infects humans. Nits are 0.5 to 8 mm.
Ranking group: ...
➜ Pathology
Name of the disease: Pediculosis
Synonym (s): Head Lice
Tank Type: Male
Main source:
Lice live on the scalp: adult lice are distinguished and eggs or nits become lice in 7 to 10 days. The nits are whitish and adhere to the hair when they are alive. When they died, they detach the hair more easily and turn gray.
The life of humans adult louse is about 1 month.
An adult louse female lays up to 10 nits per day for 20 to 30 days.
➜ viability, infectivity
Viability, physical and chemical resistance:
Lice survive a few days at room temperature and out of the host. They are destroyed by washing more than 50 ° C and by products including insecticides (see treatment).
infectivity:
Average.
➜ Epidemiological data
General population :
Pediculosis is an endemic disease in children's communities, especially 6 to 8 years, can sometimes evolve in epidemic.Poor hygiene is not a factor favoring pediculosis scalp of the child. Massive infestations are most common in adults in precarious situations.
Work:
No data: people who care for children may be exposed.
Transmission mode: Transmission is usually by contact close of hair to hair and more rarely by indirect contact with inanimate objects (comb, brush, cap, cloth, bedding ...).
Infectious period: While lice are living (1-2 months).
➜ disease
Incubation: 7-10 days (nits hatch time).
Clinical pruritus or itching and scratching lesions of the scalp (especially temporal and occipital regions).Furthermore, there are asymptomatic.
Location: especially in the neck, on the border of the scalp: small papules and oozing and crusting.
Diagnosis: Finding live lice visible on the hair, especially behind the ear in the examination of the scalp. Requires some experience.
Treatment: No spontaneous recovery.
INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT
There are two types of local treatments, chemical-based insecticide and physics-based product suffocating.
- Insecticides:
Application to the hair of an active insecticide derived = pyrethroids or malathion. These products are mainly pediculicidal not lenticides which justifies a second application 7-10 days later. Currently, the importance of the phenomenon of resistance to pyrethroids in France made reference malathion insecticide treatment. The persistence of live lice on day 1 should be suspected resistance, need to change therapeutic class.
- Asphyxiant:
the dimethicone, derived from silicone, allows to immobilize and suffocate the lice. A single application is theoretically effective, but treatment trials of good quality are needed. It should be the first line of treatment to avoid the use of insecticides.
ENVIRONMENT
Decontamination of hats, scarves, stuffed animals, pillows and bed linen is washed at a minimum temperature of 50 ° C in the machine. Combs, brushes and non-washable items can be dipped in pediculicidal used, or isolated without being used for 3 days. Disinfection of premises is not necessary.
No vaccine available
No immunity.
Exhibiting Activities:
Care for children or people in precarious situations.
Increased risk to land acquisition: Not applicable.
Land at increased risk of severe: No.
Pregnancy: No particular problem.
What to do if exposed? > Return to contents
➜ Setting a presentation about
Contact between the hair of the exposed person and the hair of a wearer subject, directly or indirectly via inanimate objects (comb, brush, cap, cloth, bedding ...).
➜ Action to be taken immediately
No special measures.
Source:
Number of lice and nits case exhibitor.
Type of exposure: duration, nearby. The main risk factor for transmission is the coexistence of a large number of people in a small space, regardless of their socioeconomic background.
No prophylactic treatment.
Examine all matters contacts and only those who are actively infected should be treated (see treatment).
➜ Tips
For the surroundings of the subject :
Hygiene measures. In a community of children, not to share hats, combs, spacing coats doors.
In pregnancy:
RAS
Reportable: No reportable
repair:
- Under a table of occupational diseases:
General Scheme: No
Agricultural scheme: No
Check the database tables of occupational diseases. Access Guide and reviews
- diseases out table and Public Service: according expertise
➜ Mandate
Supreme Council notice of public hygiene of France, section of communicable diseases, on how to behave in front of a patient with head lice (meeting of 27 June 2003). CSHPF, 2003 (http://www.sante.gouv.fr/dossiers/cshpf/a_mt_270603_pediculose.pdf).
What to do before a patient with head lice. Higher Public Health Council of France, communicable disease section.
Sitting of 17 January 2003. CSHPF, 2003 (http://www.sante.gouv.fr/conseil-superieur-d-hygiene-publique-de-france- section des-communicable diseases-meeting-of-17-January-2003.html ).
Occurrence of infectious diseases in a community. Behavior to adopt. High Council of Public Health (HCSP), 2012 (http://www.hcsp.fr/Explore.cgi/avisrapportsdomaine?clefr=306 ).
Special case of laboratory > return to contents
➜ Epidemiology Risk laboratory
Laboratory case analysis (medical, veterinary ...) published since 1985 :
No published case.
Research laboratory cases published since 1985 :
No published case.
Historical cases (published before 1985) :
No published case.
➜ Specificity of the risk assessment
Not applicable.
➜ impact on what to do and prophylaxis
Not applicable.
Reference Elements > return to contents
No
Reference documents:
Supreme Council notice of public hygiene of France, section of communicable diseases, on how to behave in front of a patient with head lice (meeting of 27 June 2003). CSHPF, 2003 (http://www.sante.gouv.fr/dossiers/cshpf/a_mt_270603_pediculose.pdf).
What to do before a patient with head lice. Higher Public Health Council of France, communicable disease section.
Sitting of 17 January 2003. CSHPF, 2003 (http://www.sante.gouv.fr/conseil-superieur-d-hygiene-publique-de-france- section des-communicable diseases-meeting-of-17-January-2003.html ).
Occurrence of infectious diseases in a community. Behavior to adopt. High Council of Public Health (HCSP), 2012 (http://www.hcsp.fr/Explore.cgi/avisrapportsdomaine?clefr=306 ).
Other documents :
Bouvresse S, O Chosidow - ectoparasitosis skin. Scabies and pediculosis. Rev Prat. 2011; 61 (6): 867-73.
Burgess IF, P Silverston - vying Head. Systematic review 1703 BMJ Clinical Evidence , 2015 (http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/x/systematic-review/1703/overview.html ).
Burgess IF, Brunton ER Burgess NA - Single Application of 4% dimeticone liquid gel versus two applications of 1% permethrin cream rinse for Treatment of head louse infestation. A randomized controlled trial BMC Dermatol .2013; 13 (5): 1-7.
References to specific laboratories:
See specific references in the Reading Guide
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